The 10 Most Popular Pets in Ancient Rome

The Roman Empire was not only home to emperors and gladiators – pets also played an important role in everyday Roman life. Many Romans kept animals both as status symbols, working companions, and as friends. Here are the top 10 most popular pets kept by the ancient Romans – ranked from the more common to the most fascinating and prestigious.

#10: Cats – Mouser and Mysterious Creatures

Cats were not held in the same high esteem as in Egypt, but they did appear in Roman homes, particularly for their ability to keep mice and rats at bay. While mainly working animals, they also offered companionship to many. Their elegant and independent nature made them popular with certain Roman families.

#9: Fish – Living Decorations

The wealthiest Romans built ponds and aquariums in their villas and kept fish as pets, especially exotic species. To display rare fish in one’s water features was considered a living luxury and a show of wealth.

#8: Monkeys – Exotic Mischief

Monkeys were imported from Africa and Asia and kept as exotic and entertaining pets. They were expensive to acquire and therefore reserved for the wealthy. Their playful and mimicking behavior fascinated the Romans.

#7: Ferrets – Little Hunters with Big Charm

Ferrets were widely appreciated for their ability to hunt rats and mice, serving both as working animals and charming pets. Romans enjoyed their energetic and curious personalities and sometimes took them to markets to show off.

#6: Goats – Practical and Affectionate

Goats were not only valued for their milk and meat, but also kept as tame pets. Children especially were fond of young kids. Their social and affectionate nature made them beloved household members, particularly in rural areas.

#5: Birds – From Sparrows to Peacocks

Songbirds such as nightingales and sparrows were popular among ordinary Romans, while the rich kept exotic species like peacocks and parrots. Birds were appreciated for their beauty and their ability to perform tricks or speak.

#4: Dogs – Loyal and Versatile

Dogs were undoubtedly among the most popular pets. They were used for hunting, guarding, and as companions. Small lapdogs were especially favored by women, while larger breeds often served as protectors of homes and property.

#3: Snakes – Symbols and Protectors

Some Romans kept snakes as sacred or protective creatures. Snakes had religious and symbolic significance, especially in connection with the household gods known as Lares. They were often associated with healing and protection and could be kept in shrines or private homes.

#2: Lions and Other Predators – Status and Power

Some of the wealthiest and most powerful Romans kept exotic predators such as lions, leopards, and bears – not as pets by today’s standards, but as status symbols. The animals were often showcased at banquets or used in arenas, and some actually kept them in private menageries.

#1: Birds of Prey – The Hunter’s Supreme Symbol

Falconry was highly valued, and birds of prey like hawks and eagles were prized for their hunting skills and majestic appearance. Owning and training a bird of prey required expertise, time, and resources, making it a pursuit mostly for the elite. Birds of prey symbolized control, power, and a connection to the divine – and for these reasons, they top the list of the Romans’ most impressive pets.

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